A man in overalls rewrites old newspapers at a desk in a dim, endless records office, a telescreen above him and a chute open at his side.

Original artwork, not a still

Nineteen Eighty-Four (aka 1984)

A Party slogan, Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)

Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.

Behind the line

What it means

Our interpretation.

The slogan is a full theory of power in two sentences: whoever sets the story of the past decides what people will accept about what comes next. It is quoted whenever someone wants to point at rewritten history, deleted records or propaganda, and it is among Orwell's most quoted lines outside the novel.

Context reviewed

In context

Spoilers for Nineteen Eighty-Four (aka 1984)Show the scene

Winston Smith, who works rewriting old newspapers at the Ministry of Truth, recalls this slogan in Part One while thinking about how the Party alters history. If the Party can say that an event never happened, and all records agree, the lie becomes truth. The passage runs on to the Party's name for this mind-trick, 'reality control', which in Newspeak is doublethink.

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