Ragged people in a narrow old Paris street crouch to scoop up red wine from a burst cask on the cobbles, a church spire beyond.

Original artwork, not a still

A Tale of Two Cities (first line)

Charles Dickens

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times

Behind the line

What it means

Our interpretation.

Dickens sets the French Revolution on a see-saw: every virtue of the age comes with its mirror image, and readers are meant to feel their own era is in the same position. That is why the line keeps getting borrowed, by columnists, speechwriters and every time a bad year has a good side. It is among the most recognisable openings in English, and the sentence still continues for another hundred words or so.

Context reviewed

In context

Spoilers for A Tale of Two Cities (first line)Show the scene

This opens Book the First, chapter one ('The Period') of A Tale of Two Cities. Dickens sets 1775 up as a time of balanced opposites, with the sentence running on through wisdom and foolishness, belief and incredulity, light and darkness, hope and despair, before he turns to the thrones of England and France. The novel ran in 31 weekly instalments in Dickens's new magazine All the Year Round, starting in its first issue on 30 April 1859, and finished on 26 November that year.

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