Painterly cracked brass compass partly buried in grey ash and glowing embers.

Original artwork, not a still

the Astronomer, in Samuel Johnson's Rasselas

Samuel Johnson

Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful.

Behind the line

What it means

Our interpretation.

The speaker sets two qualities against each other. Honesty without understanding cannot accomplish anything and is feeble, while understanding without moral principle becomes frightening, because capable people may use it without restraint. Good outcomes, the line suggests, need both together.

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